Analyze (Outline/Explain)

• separate the matter at hand into key parts, essential elements;
• break things down, consider the details;
• identify causes/key factors or features/possible results.

Compare

• note similarities and differences between two or more things (not a list, but an argument based on similarities and differences).

Contrast

• note differences, dissimilarities, tensions between two or more things (not a list, but an argument).

Examine (Explore/Investigate)

• take a diagnostic approach;
• inquire or look into closely, perhaps to uncover a hidden motive, cause, theme, etc.;
• seek out core issues, suggest possible interpretations/solutions.

Argue

• take a position on a given subject and support that approach;
• give reasons for or against something.

Debate

• present opposing viewpoints on a given subject, deliberate;
• give reasons for and against something.

Evaluate (Judge/Criticize/Assess)

• determine the value or significance of something.

Describe

• depict, present or delineate in words;
• place more emphasis on how something occurs than on why it does.

Define

• give the meaning of something;
• present its nature or essential qualities.

Trace

• follow the course, development, history of something.

Review

• summarize the key aspects of the material at hand.

Document

• like “TRACE,” follow the development, course or history of something, but emphasize the use of written sources, references and citations in supporting your approach;
• prove using written support material, sources and evidence.

Discuss

• comment on, talk over, write about the topic at hand using whatever approach seems appropriate (i.e., any of the approaches listed in this chart).